What is hypertension and blood pressure?Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the inner wall of the body's large arteries that carry blood from the heart to all the organs of the body. Hypertension means that blood pressure is steadily rising. from normal limits.
Blood pressure is recorded with two numbers. The highest number is the "systolic" pressure known as "high" pressure and the lowest is the "diastolic" or "low" pressure. Systolic is the pressure exerted on the arteries when the heart contracts to push blood through the arteries to the body organs and diastolic when the heart relaxes to receive new blood.
What are normal blood pressure values
According to the guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension, normal blood pressure values for adults are systolic blood pressure 120-129 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 80-84 mmHg . These values are based on pressure measurements at at least 2 doctor visits. At least 2 measurements are made at each visit after a few minutes of rest in a sitting position.
It should be noted that in the recent US Hypertension Guidelines, systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 80-89 mmHg are referred to as "hypertension". The adoption of this term aims to raise public awareness and physicians in the early stages of hypertension, with the hope that it will contribute to the wider application of non-pharmacological means to prevent hypertension and closer monitoring of blood pressure.
What is the right way to measure pressure
To measure the pressure you must first sit in a sitting position for about 5 minutes. Your back should rest on the back of the chair and your arm should rest loosely on a firm surface. The cuff (the cloth that wraps the hand) is placed so that it fits well directly on the arm (arm) without inserting the sleeve. The cuff should be approximately at the height of the heart. The tip of the earpiece should be placed on the inside surface of the elbow without being completely covered by the cuff. Inflate the sphygmomanometer to 200-220 mmHg. Deflate slowly (approximately 10 mmHg every 5 seconds). Systolic pressure is the point at which the rhythmic beat appears (sounds), however weak it may be. Diastolic pressure is the point at which rhythmic sound ceases to be heard. In most cases, two blood pressure measurements at a time, with an interval of 1-2 minutes between measurements, are sufficient. In the second measurement, the pressure is usually lower. If there is a large difference between the first and second measurement (above 10 mmHg) a third measurement is made.
How to treat hypertension through diet
The vast majority (95%) of hypertensives have the so-called "idiopathic" hypertension. Hypertension is a virtually unknown cause that is mainly related to heredity (genes) as well as other factors, such as obesity, long-term intake of increased salt, sedentary lifestyle, etc. It usually occurs after the age of 30, but can occur even in children.
In people with hypertension in both parents, the probability of developing hypertension exceeds 70%. In people with a hypertensive parent the probability is about 30% and in those who do not have hypertensive parents about 15%. In a few cases (5%) hypertension is due to a specific disease (secondary hypertension), which can be diagnosed and treated resulting in the disappearance of hypertension. The most common causes of secondary hypertension are chronic kidney disease, sleep apnea and narrowing of the renal arteries. Other rare causes are primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, aortic isthmus stenosis, etc. Screening with special tests to diagnose the cause of hypertension is needed only in a few cases selected by the doctor based on specific criteria.
How is hypertension
diagnosed? The diagnosis of hypertension is made by a doctor with blood pressure measurements in the doctor's office. Consecutive measurements are usually needed in at least 2-3 visits. A single visit is almost never enough to make a definite diagnosis. The diagnosis of hypertension is made when the pressure is steadily increased in the office from 140 mmHg and above the systolic, or from 90 mmHg and above the diastolic or both.
Blood pressure is not as constant as cholesterol or body weight, but it can change rapidly from measurement to measurement. Especially on the first visit to the doctor, the pressure can be much higher than the real one. In addition, in one visit the pressure is usually higher in the first measurement than in subsequent measurements. It is common for the pressure to be elevated on the first or second visit to the doctor's office, but on subsequent visits to return to normal levels without any treatment. Therefore, the diagnosis of hypertension, and even more so the initiation of antihypertensive medication, should not be made on the basis of occasional blood pressure measurements.
Even in people with high blood pressure (above 180/110 mmHg), unless there is an emergency due to a specific cardiovascular problem, the doctor usually leaves a few days to confirm the level of blood pressure and assess with examines the general condition of the patient. The closer the pressure is to the 140/90 mmHg diagnostic limit, the longer the monitoring period is needed to make a definite diagnosis. It has been found that when proper blood pressure measurements are applied, some of the people who have been diagnosed as hypertensive and are being treated turn out to be hypertensive and do not need treatment.
How does hypertension manifest itself?
The high blood pressure is usually not felt and does not cause any discomfort. The discomfort, when present, is due to its complications, which usually appear after years. This is why hypertension in America is known as the "silent killer".
Headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears, hot flushes, etc. are not due to hypertension , even when the pressure is very high. The opposite can happen: that is, anxiety, due to the misconception that the symptoms are due to increased pressure which poses an immediate risk of stroke, can raise the pressure.
Nasal bleeding (nosebleeds) is also not due to hypertension. The large increase in pressure that is often observed in such cases is a result of upset (often panic) due to bleeding and decreases without medication as soon as the patient calms down.
Symptoms
Hypertension is a "silent" disease that is usually discovered accidentally during other tests. Only when it is very advanced can it have symptoms such as headache, tiredness, dizziness and burning sensation.
Symptoms that should make you suspect are the following:
1. Shortness of breath
2. Headache
3. Nasal bleeding
4. Fatigue and drowsiness
5. Confusion
6. Tinnitus
7. Vomiting
8. Intense sweating
9. Blurred vision
Treating Hypertension
Essentially, there is no cure for hypertension. In other words, a hypertensive person cannot "get well" like a person with pneumonia. However, it is possible to reduce the pressure to normal levels, mainly by taking regular and continuous antihypertensive drugs.
Blood pressure and diet
How to reduce hypertension without medication
In addition to medication, various other means can reduce stress to some extent. These remedies are useful for all people with high blood pressure, whether or not they are taking antihypertensive drugs. Correlation with cholesterol and cardiovascular investigations tend to associate Hypertension the Xcholisterini the Kardiologika problems and the emergence of diabetes by:
Poor diet , in combination with
increased body weight and
exercise eclipse Spectacular Patient Test Results Improve Their
Lifestyle (Diet, Weight, Exercise) A Lifestyle is a Real
SOS Medication "Antihypertensive" Steps To effectively regulate blood pressure, some substantial lifestyle changes are needed. Read what they are!
S.O.S # 1
The decrease in body weight in overweight hypertensive is the most effective way to reduce the pressure without medication. Even a small weight loss (eg, 5 kg) can help reduce stress but also improve other factors that lead to a cardiovascular event, such as cholesterol and sugar.
Recent research shows that weight loss of 5 kg has been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure by 4.4 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 3.6 mmHg. In addition, weight loss can help reduce antihypertensive drugs.
S.O.S # 2
The physical activity (brisk walking or cycling for at least half an hour a day most days of the week) can help to reduce pressure and improve other risk factors such as elevated cholesterol and blood sugar.
Walk Aerobic exercise helps maintain vascular elasticity, weight loss and pressure regulation. 30΄ exercises 3-5 times a week are recommended (walking, treadmill in the gym, running, cycling, etc.). However, before engaging in a sport, you need to control your blood pressure, because if you already have high blood pressure, it can strain your cardiovascular system. Also, if you are hypertensive, avoid weights and strenuous exercise, as they lead to increased stress.
S.O.S # 3
Smoking has little effect on blood pressure. But quitting is the number one goal for hypertensive smokers, as smoking is just as important and in some cases a major risk factor for death, heart attack, stroke or other stroke compared to hypertension.
Reduce smoking The moment you smoke, your blood pressure rises and stays high for the next 20-30 minutes. Although smoking does not affect blood pressure in the long run, it is a very serious risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. In fact, the risk is multiplied when smoking is combined with hypertension and high cholesterol - which is unfortunately a common "scenario".
S.O.S # 4
Proper nutrition: A diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy-free, that is, a diet rich in potassium and calcium, can also help reduce stress (known as the DASH diet) .
Reducing salt intake with food reduces stress, especially in older hypertensives. In addition, it enhances the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs, mainly diuretics, converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin antagonists (see "Antihypertensive drugs"). Limiting alcohol consumption (up to two drinks a day for men and one for women) also lowers blood pressure in those who abuse.
Below we analyze in more detail about nutrition ...
Hypertension and diet
Increase consumption of potassium rich foods:
that is, bananas, oranges, melons, apricots, pears, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, peppers and green leafy vegetables . Potassium is an electrolyte that helps the body eliminate excess sodium. 3.5-4.6 g are recommended daily. potassium, which you will receive by consuming:
• 4-5 servings of fruit: e.g. 1 pear, 1 orange and 1 banana (1 serving corresponds to 1 small fruit or 1/2 cup juice). According to a recent study by the University of California, both citrus and other fruits (kiwis, strawberries) and vegetables (peppers) that are rich in vitamin C have antihypertensive effect.
• 4-5 servings of vegetables: e.g. 1 tomato salad and 1 lettuce or cabbage-carrot salad (1 serving corresponds to 1 cup of raw vegetables or 1/2 cup of boiled).
Pomegranate and its juice against hypertension
Increase consumption of potassium rich foods:
that is, bananas, oranges, melons, apricots, pears, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, peppers and green leafy vegetables . Potassium is an electrolyte that helps the body eliminate excess sodium. 3.5-4.6 g are recommended daily. potassium, which you will receive by consuming:
• 4-5 servings of fruit: e.g. 1 pear, 1 orange and 1 banana (1 serving corresponds to 1 small fruit or 1/2 cup juice). According to a recent study by the University of California, both citrus and other fruits (kiwis, strawberries) and vegetables (peppers) that are rich in vitamin C have antihypertensive effect.
• 4-5 servings of vegetables: e.g. 1 tomato salad and 1 lettuce or cabbage-carrot salad (1 serving corresponds to 1 cup of raw vegetables or 1/2 cup of boiled).
Pomegranate is called "red gold" by many, as a plethora of research works prove its high nutritional value. Pomegranate is a fruit with important healing properties. Recent studies demonstrate the synergistic action of its components and a wide range of powerful antioxidant and anti-cancer properties (especially in prostate cancer). It has also been used in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, dental problems, erectile dysfunction, skin problems from ultraviolet radiation. Other possible uses include preventing infantile ischemia, Alzheimer's, arthritis, obesity and male infertility. Increased consumption of pomegranate juice has been found to prevent the development of tumors, the HIV-1 virus. hLDL oxidation and atherosclerosis as well as reduce the symptoms of depression and bone loss during menopause. Also, a decoction of pomegranate peel has been found to have antiviral and fungicidal action as well as many other positive health properties.
Antihypertensive fruit cocktail Banana, Pear Orange Apple: This cocktail is rich in potassium, fiber, vitamins and minerals.
An important step in regulating blood pressure is to reduce salt. In fact, reducing it daily by half (to 5-6 g) is considered as effective as an antihypertensive drug! Today we consume about 10 gr. salt per day, while the latest instructions recommend 3.8 g. However, because this instruction is considered strict, experts "allow" 6 g, ie a teaspoon. Already, however, through food (eg bread, cheese) we consume at least half a teaspoon, so we are "allowed" another half (as an additive in our food).
Salt is "hidden" in many processed foods, especially canned (eg tuna, sardines, beans, sauerkraut), smoked (eg salmon, cheese), broth cubes, soy sauces, ready meals, soups, puree powder, but also in bread, toast, crackers, croissants, pies and some breakfast cereals. (anything in the supermarket that says in the sodium bottle)
Put olive oil on your plate
Recent polyphenols in olive oil also highlight their beneficial effects on both hypertension and cholesterol lowering, an antihypertensive salad! with spinach, lettuce and tomato, add 2 walnuts, 1/2 pear, 1 tablespoon olive oil and valuable "antihypertensives", such as sea buckthorn, lavender, parsley, honeysuckle, celery and garlic (1 clove beaten) .
Put calcium on the plate
Dairy calcium , fiber and magnesium from fruits and unsalted nuts are considered valuable "antihypertensives".
Put fish on the plate
Recent research also highlights the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in fish. Prepare fish soup (eg with sea bass, red fish, ribs, grouper or sea bass) with vegetables such as potato, celery, carrot, leek and lemon, a little oil and pepper. This is the most classic antihypertensive dish.
But what about alcohol and coffee?
When alcohol is consumed in moderation it relaxes the blood vessels and facilitates blood flow, which protects against hypertension. Its over-consumption, however, leads to an increase in pressure. So do not exceed 2 glasses of wine a day if you are a man and 1 glass a day if you are a woman. A glass of wine is "equivalent" to 1 glass of beer or 1 serving of whiskey or liqueur.
Although research into the relationship between coffee and hypertension is contradictory, it is certain that coffee overdose makes it difficult to regulate blood pressure in those already hypertensive. So do not exceed 2 cups of coffee a day (200 mg of caffeine), if you have hypertension. Also note that caffeine is also found in black tea (40 mg / cup), cola (25 mg / glass) and chocolate (1 g of 85 g milk chocolate contains 15 mg of caffeine and 45 mg of health chocolate).
Daily
• 2 tablespoons olive oil.
• 1 cup semi-skimmed milk, 1 cup of yogurt and 30 gr. cream cheese (ie 3 servings of semi-fat dairy products).
• 2-3 slices of wholemeal bread and 1 bowl of wild or brown rice, ie 6-8 servings of cereal (1 serving corresponds to 1 slice of bread 30 g, 1/2 cup of cereal or 1/3 of a cup of boiled pasta or rice).
Weekly
• Fish (eg anchovies, sea bream, mackerel) three times a week.
• 1 plate of legumes and 2 handfuls of unsalted nuts.
• Beef fillet, pork brisket, once a week.
• Poultry without skin, 2-3 times a week.
• Eggs are "allowed" 3-4 times a week.
• Up to 2 sweets per week. Prefer baked apples, fruit jelly or rice pudding. A butter croissant contains 750 mg of sodium, ie as much as 100 g. kefalogravieras!
Do you need medication?
When the means of nutrition do not work or when the hypertension is high, then medicines are administered, which, however, do not replace but complement the healthy diet and exercise. There are 5 main categories of antihypertensive drugs that are considered equally effective and are often given in combination.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme antagonists and
• angiotensin II receptor β-blockers are often preferred by experts because they have a beneficial effect on renal function, blood vessels, the eyes and the heart, ie the target organs of hypertension. Beta-blockers are almost always given if patients also have coronary heart disease or arrhythmias.
Diuretics,
• Calcium antagonists and
• the main actors are often given in addition.
Developments: The antihypertensive vaccine
Under study is the CYT006-angQb antihypertensive vaccine, which will introduce antibodies into the body to block angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor that "determines" how much sodium the body will retain. It is claimed that 3 vaccinations per year will suffice, so the advantage of the vaccine is that it will relieve hypertensive people from the need for daily medication.
Herbs that can help:
Oregano
Carbacrol contains an active ingredient known to lower blood pressure and inflammation of blood vessels. It is an alternative to salt as a seasoning in foods, while oregano oil can also fight infections.
Basil
Stress is one of the main factors contributing to hypertension and basil helps reduce stress in the body and its biochemical effects.
Lavender
You may already know that the scent of lavender calms the digestive system, but the essential oil for body massage can do even more. Lavender acts as a vasodilator, relaxing and dilating blood vessels. You can also make a lavender leaf tea, which will not only lower your blood pressure, but can soothe your stomach and help you deal with insomnia.
Valerian Valerian
root contains a natural sedative that helps relax the muscles and arteries of the body. A small daily dose of valerian root in the form of tea can help you reduce your overall stress levels, get better sleep and lower your blood pressure.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon is one of the best spices (it is not a green herb, but belongs to the same family) to improve blood circulation. Diabetics use cinnamon to balance blood sugar levels.
New guidelines for the treatment of hypertension of the International Hypertension Society and the American Hypertension Society ISH / ASH
Hypertension: Myths and Truths
1. The main goal for reducing hypertension is to reduce salt intake: MYTH!
The main goal is body weight, ie the reduction of body weight and then the reduction of sodium and the increase of potassium. Sodium is not only found in salt but also in foods such as bread, cheese, pickles, ketchup, but is also a component of some preservatives. Thus, if the daily intake for example of bread and cheese is high, the sodium intake may exceed the recommendations without even using salt for cooking or at the table. Food companies need to take this seriously to reduce the sodium content of these foods.
2. 1-2 glasses of wine are good for hypertension: TRUE IN PART!
The content of red wine in alcohol and antioxidants improves the function of the endothelium and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, alcohol intake in hypertensive patients may increase blood pressure. For this reason hypertensive patients should dramatically reduce their alcohol intake and those who do not consume should not be advised to start taking it.
3. Garlic and onion help the heart function and reduce blood pressure: MYTH!
There are some studies that have shown that the results are indeed beneficial for hypertension. However, in order to have these beneficial effects, the intake must be very high (eg 15-20 cloves of garlic per day should be consumed, while intakes of 1-2 cloves per day do not bring any remarkable result). Also, studies using concentrated garlic supplements have yielded conflicting results.
4. If you start taking medicines for hypertension you have to take them for life and you can no longer stop them: MYTH (in part)
Medication is decided by the doctor either if the patient's blood pressure is much higher than normal and the cardiovascular risk is high or because the three-month lifestyle change period with weight loss and salt intake has failed. If at some point in the future an obese and malnourished hypertensive patient receiving antihypertensive treatment decides to change their lifestyle, lose weight and reduce salt, they may no longer need antihypertensive treatment.
5. Antihypertensive drugs have many side effects. MYTH
30 years ago this phrase was true but today the newer generations of drugs have minimal and rare side effects on hypertension. Even diuretics that have been blamed for many side effects in the past in the low doses used today do not cause problems.
6. From the moment you start antihypertensive treatment you no longer need to control your blood pressure because you are receiving treatment. MYTH
The regulation of hypertension is difficult to achieve. It is characteristic that the levels of regulation of hypertension worldwide and in our country do not exceed 30-35%. The reasons for this failure are multiple. One of the main ones is the patient's non-compliance with his medication. In fact, as the number of tablets a patient has to take increases, so does his compliance, that is, he forgets or refuses to take his medication.
7. Even if our doctor measures the pressure in the doctor's office and it is high, it does not mean that we are necessarily hypertensive. TRUTH
Blood pressure is not constant during the 24 hours, but varies according to the activity of each person. During exercise, movement, emotion and stress, the pressure rises, on the contrary, during rest or deep sleep it decreases and rises again in the morning, just before waking up.
Many times, even the sight of a doctor in a white T-shirt causes many patients to have an increase in blood pressure, which is considered by many to be a pre-stage of hypertension.
But to call a person hypertensive we must have a systematic rise in blood pressure above the levels that I consider normal for him. The momentary rise in blood pressure as a result of intense stress does not place us in the category of hypertensive. It is worrying in the long run to have a systemic pressure of 145/95 mmHg but we are not worried, nor do we need any immediate treatment a momentary rise in pressure 170/100 mmHg.
8. If our parents are hypertensive at a young age we can not avoid hypertension because it is hereditary. MYTH IN PART
Some of the factors that contribute to the manifestation of hypertension can not really affect them in any way. With the increase of e.g. With age, our arteries harden and our blood pressure rises. Age, then, is a factor that, unfortunately, we cannot influence.
A second factor we can not influence is our parents. There is now agreement in the scientific community that there are genes that are responsible for high blood pressure and explain the inherited burden we observe in people with high blood pressure.
On the other hand, there are factors that increase blood pressure and it is up to us to deal with them. Such factors are excessive salt consumption, weight gain, excessive consumption of animal fats, smoking, lack of physical exercise, as well as intense mental stress - the well-known stress, that is.
bibliography
Sources
https://el.wikipedia.org/
http://www.news.gr/
http://www.euroclinic.gr/article/ypertasi-8-mythi-ke-alithies/
https://www.youtube .com / watch? v = TiB7BuN4Fsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imHFksKLPUk
http://www.iatropedia.gr/encyclopedia/artiriaki-ipertasi/
http://www.clickatlife.gr/your -life / story / 30236/9-simadia-pou-kruboun-upsili-piesi
http://www.vita.gr/mindandbody/alternative/article/2374/ta-botana-poy-rixnoyn-thn-piesh/
http: //www.vita.gr/ygeia/article/8831/ypertash-zhste-xwris-piesh/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bADffIPjHU
https://www.mylefkada.gr/monimes-stiles / kata-markon / botana-xolisterinh-piesh-8280 /
http://www.hypertension.gr/content/guidelines-2007.aspx
http://www.greekcardiology.gr/
http://www.vita.gr/ygeia/article/1449/pws-symbiwnw-me-thn-ypertash/
http://www.onmed.gr/diatrofi/
But what about alcohol and coffee?
When alcohol is consumed in moderation it relaxes the blood vessels and facilitates blood flow, which protects against hypertension. Its over-consumption, however, leads to an increase in pressure. So do not exceed 2 glasses of wine a day if you are a man and 1 glass a day if you are a woman. A glass of wine is "equivalent" to 1 glass of beer or 1 serving of whiskey or liqueur.
Although research into the relationship between coffee and hypertension is contradictory, it is certain that coffee overdose makes it difficult to regulate blood pressure in those already hypertensive. So do not exceed 2 cups of coffee a day (200 mg of caffeine), if you have hypertension. Also note that caffeine is also found in black tea (40 mg / cup), cola (25 mg / glass) and chocolate (1 g of 85 g milk chocolate contains 15 mg of caffeine and 45 mg of health chocolate).
Daily
• 2 tablespoons olive oil.
• 1 cup semi-skimmed milk, 1 cup of yogurt and 30 gr. cream cheese (ie 3 servings of semi-fat dairy products).
• 2-3 slices of wholemeal bread and 1 bowl of wild or brown rice, ie 6-8 servings of cereal (1 serving corresponds to 1 slice of bread 30 g, 1/2 cup of cereal or 1/3 of a cup of boiled pasta or rice).
Weekly
• Fish (eg anchovies, sea bream, mackerel) three times a week.
• 1 plate of legumes and 2 handfuls of unsalted nuts.
• Beef fillet, pork brisket, once a week.
• Poultry without skin, 2-3 times a week.
• Eggs are "allowed" 3-4 times a week.
• Up to 2 sweets per week. Prefer baked apples, fruit jelly or rice pudding. A butter croissant contains 750 mg of sodium, ie as much as 100 g. kefalogravieras!
Do you need medication?
When the means of nutrition do not work or when the hypertension is high, then medicines are administered, which, however, do not replace but complement the healthy diet and exercise. There are 5 main categories of antihypertensive drugs that are considered equally effective and are often given in combination.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme antagonists and
• angiotensin II receptor β-blockers are often preferred by experts because they have a beneficial effect on renal function, blood vessels, the eyes and the heart, ie the target organs of hypertension. Beta-blockers are almost always given if patients also have coronary heart disease or arrhythmias.
Diuretics,
• Calcium antagonists and
• the main actors are often given in addition.
Developments: The antihypertensive vaccine
Under study is the CYT006-angQb antihypertensive vaccine, which will introduce antibodies into the body to block angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor that "determines" how much sodium the body will retain. It is claimed that 3 vaccinations per year will suffice, so the advantage of the vaccine is that it will relieve hypertensive people from the need for daily medication.
Herbs that can help:
Oregano
Carbacrol contains an active ingredient known to lower blood pressure and inflammation of blood vessels. It is an alternative to salt as a seasoning in foods, while oregano oil can also fight infections.
Basil
Stress is one of the main factors contributing to hypertension and basil helps reduce stress in the body and its biochemical effects.
Lavender
You may already know that the scent of lavender calms the digestive system, but the essential oil for body massage can do even more. Lavender acts as a vasodilator, relaxing and dilating blood vessels. You can also make a lavender leaf tea, which will not only lower your blood pressure, but can soothe your stomach and help you deal with insomnia.
Valerian Valerian
root contains a natural sedative that helps relax the muscles and arteries of the body. A small daily dose of valerian root in the form of tea can help you reduce your overall stress levels, get better sleep and lower your blood pressure.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon is one of the best spices (it is not a green herb, but belongs to the same family) to improve blood circulation. Diabetics use cinnamon to balance blood sugar levels.
Which foods throw and which raise the pressure - Dorina Cialvera
New guidelines for the treatment of hypertension of the International Hypertension Society and the American Hypertension Society ISH / ASH
S. Antonopoulos, P. Mistilis II Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Piraeus Tzanio
Hypertension: Myths and Truths
1. The main goal for reducing hypertension is to reduce salt intake: MYTH!
The main goal is body weight, ie the reduction of body weight and then the reduction of sodium and the increase of potassium. Sodium is not only found in salt but also in foods such as bread, cheese, pickles, ketchup, but is also a component of some preservatives. Thus, if the daily intake for example of bread and cheese is high, the sodium intake may exceed the recommendations without even using salt for cooking or at the table. Food companies need to take this seriously to reduce the sodium content of these foods.
2. 1-2 glasses of wine are good for hypertension: TRUE IN PART!
The content of red wine in alcohol and antioxidants improves the function of the endothelium and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, alcohol intake in hypertensive patients may increase blood pressure. For this reason hypertensive patients should dramatically reduce their alcohol intake and those who do not consume should not be advised to start taking it.
3. Garlic and onion help the heart function and reduce blood pressure: MYTH!
There are some studies that have shown that the results are indeed beneficial for hypertension. However, in order to have these beneficial effects, the intake must be very high (eg 15-20 cloves of garlic per day should be consumed, while intakes of 1-2 cloves per day do not bring any remarkable result). Also, studies using concentrated garlic supplements have yielded conflicting results.
4. If you start taking medicines for hypertension you have to take them for life and you can no longer stop them: MYTH (in part)
Medication is decided by the doctor either if the patient's blood pressure is much higher than normal and the cardiovascular risk is high or because the three-month lifestyle change period with weight loss and salt intake has failed. If at some point in the future an obese and malnourished hypertensive patient receiving antihypertensive treatment decides to change their lifestyle, lose weight and reduce salt, they may no longer need antihypertensive treatment.
5. Antihypertensive drugs have many side effects. MYTH
30 years ago this phrase was true but today the newer generations of drugs have minimal and rare side effects on hypertension. Even diuretics that have been blamed for many side effects in the past in the low doses used today do not cause problems.
6. From the moment you start antihypertensive treatment you no longer need to control your blood pressure because you are receiving treatment. MYTH
The regulation of hypertension is difficult to achieve. It is characteristic that the levels of regulation of hypertension worldwide and in our country do not exceed 30-35%. The reasons for this failure are multiple. One of the main ones is the patient's non-compliance with his medication. In fact, as the number of tablets a patient has to take increases, so does his compliance, that is, he forgets or refuses to take his medication.
7. Even if our doctor measures the pressure in the doctor's office and it is high, it does not mean that we are necessarily hypertensive. TRUTH
Blood pressure is not constant during the 24 hours, but varies according to the activity of each person. During exercise, movement, emotion and stress, the pressure rises, on the contrary, during rest or deep sleep it decreases and rises again in the morning, just before waking up.
Many times, even the sight of a doctor in a white T-shirt causes many patients to have an increase in blood pressure, which is considered by many to be a pre-stage of hypertension.
But to call a person hypertensive we must have a systematic rise in blood pressure above the levels that I consider normal for him. The momentary rise in blood pressure as a result of intense stress does not place us in the category of hypertensive. It is worrying in the long run to have a systemic pressure of 145/95 mmHg but we are not worried, nor do we need any immediate treatment a momentary rise in pressure 170/100 mmHg.
8. If our parents are hypertensive at a young age we can not avoid hypertension because it is hereditary. MYTH IN PART
Some of the factors that contribute to the manifestation of hypertension can not really affect them in any way. With the increase of e.g. With age, our arteries harden and our blood pressure rises. Age, then, is a factor that, unfortunately, we cannot influence.
A second factor we can not influence is our parents. There is now agreement in the scientific community that there are genes that are responsible for high blood pressure and explain the inherited burden we observe in people with high blood pressure.
On the other hand, there are factors that increase blood pressure and it is up to us to deal with them. Such factors are excessive salt consumption, weight gain, excessive consumption of animal fats, smoking, lack of physical exercise, as well as intense mental stress - the well-known stress, that is.
bibliography
 http://www.ahepahosp.gr/ | INSTRUCTIONS / TREATMENT PROTOCOLS FOR ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION |
New guidelines for the treatment of hypertension of the International Hypertension Society and the American Hypertension Society ISH / ASH | |
PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR HYPERTENSION | |
Chronology | |
HYPERTENSION Loukia Kalogeraki Director of the 2nd Pathology Clinic of Chania General Hospital | |
Hypertension: myths and truths | |
Diagnosis and Treatment of Secondary Hypertension Savvopoulos Christos Assistant Professor of Pathology AUTh APSPathological Pathology Clinic AUTh AHEPA Hospital | |
Hypertension and exercise Ch. Karatzaferis Instructors: Ch. Karatzaferis, G. Sakkas, A. Kaltsatou 2013-2014 Lecture4 TEFAA, P.Th. | |
GUIDELINES FOR ARTERY HYPERTENSION | |
Sources
https://el.wikipedia.org/
http://www.news.gr/
http://www.euroclinic.gr/article/ypertasi-8-mythi-ke-alithies/
https://www.youtube .com / watch? v = TiB7BuN4Fsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imHFksKLPUk
http://www.iatropedia.gr/encyclopedia/artiriaki-ipertasi/
http://www.clickatlife.gr/your -life / story / 30236/9-simadia-pou-kruboun-upsili-piesi
http://www.vita.gr/mindandbody/alternative/article/2374/ta-botana-poy-rixnoyn-thn-piesh/
http: //www.vita.gr/ygeia/article/8831/ypertash-zhste-xwris-piesh/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bADffIPjHU
https://www.mylefkada.gr/monimes-stiles / kata-markon / botana-xolisterinh-piesh-8280 /
http://www.hypertension.gr/content/guidelines-2007.aspx
http://www.greekcardiology.gr/
http://www.vita.gr/ygeia/article/1449/pws-symbiwnw-me-thn-ypertash/
http://www.onmed.gr/diatrofi/
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